Saturday, 27 August 2016

25 AUG 1948 JANA GANA MANA_NATIONAL ANTHEM BY CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

National Anthem of India

Jana Gana Mana

National anthem of the India is a song sung by the people of India on some national occasions. National anthem of India starts from “Jana Gana Mana” and ends at “Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he”. It was written in the highly Sanskritised language (mens Tatsama) Bengali.
The original national anthem song was written by the Rabindranath Tagore which was then translated into the Hindi and Urdu by the Abid Ali. The conversion of original song into the Hindi version by the Ali was little different. The full version of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds to sung however shortened version (having first and last lines) takes 20 seconds to sung. It was again translated to the English version by the Tagore. The full version National Anthem song is sung using the orchestral/choral adaptation (made by English composer, Herbert Murrill on request of Nehru). Another song (Amar Sonar Bangla) written by the Tagore has been selected as the national anthem of Bangladesh.

History of National Anthem of India

National anthem (Jana-gana-mana song) was originally composed by the Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali. The Hindi version of the national anthem was adopted in 1950 on 24th of January by the Constituent Assembly. The lyrics and music of the national anthem was given by the Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. It was first sung in Calcutta in the meeting of Indian National Congress on 27th of December in 1911.
Full version national anthem was translated to English from Bengali and music was set in Madanapalle (it is city in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh state).

Lyrics of National Anthem of India

The text of the national anthem written in Bengali which is highly sanskritised language (also called as Sadhu bhasa). It is written completely using nouns which also used as verbs. The translated version is easily understandable by everyone however its pronunciation varies in various regions of India. It is sung on various national occasions in India. The words and music to the national anthem is given by the late poet Rabindra Nath Tagore. Full version National Anthem takes 52 seconds to sing. The full version national anthem song consists of five stanzas.

Full Version National Anthem of India

“Janaganamana-adhinayaka jaya he bharatabhagyabidhata!
Panjaba sindhu gujarata maratha drabira utkala banga
bindhya himacala yamuna ganga ucchalajaladhitaraṅga
taba subha name jage, taba subha asisa mage,
gahe taba jayagatha.
Janaganamangaladayaka jaya he bharatabhagyabidhata!
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he…”

Short Version National Anthem of India

Short version of the national anthem consists of only first and last lines. It takes approximately 20 seconds to sing. It is sung on various national occasions.
“Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he,
jaya jaya jaya, jaya he.”

Meaning of National Anthem of India

The original version of the national anthem was translated to the English language and edited in 1950 to make some changes. Sindh was replaced by the Sindhu because Sindh was allocated to the Pakistan after division. The English meaning of the national anthem is as follows:
“Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Dispenser of India’s destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sind,
Gujarat and Maratha,
Of the Dravida and Odisha and Bengal;
It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas,
mingles in the music of Jamuna and Ganges and is
chanted by the waves of the Indian Sea.
They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India’s destiny.
Victory, victory, victory to thee.”

What is Code of Conduct of National Anthem

The code of conduct is the set of rules and regulations which should be followed while singing or playing the national anthem. There are some instructions which issued from time to time by the government of India regarding the correct version of Anthem. The set timing of the national anthem to be sung is 52 seconds. Some of the rules and regulations have been made in order to pay respect and honour to the national anthem. A law (The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971) has been implemented by the Indian government to prevent the intentional singing of National Anthem or insulting in any way shall be punished with the imprisonment of term (may be extended to three years) including fine. Following are the rules and regulation which shall be followed while playing full version Anthem:
  • It can be sung, when National Salute, parade, etc is performed at some ceremonial occasions and formal State functions (organized by the government or public) in the presence of President, Governor, Lieutenant Governor, etc.
  • It can be sung before and after President’s addresses to the Nation and arrival of Governor or Lieutenant.
  • When presentation of regimental colours and hoisting of colours in Navy takes place.
  • When special orders issued by Indian Government on any occasion. Generally it is not played for Prime Minister however at some special occasions it may be played.
  • When it is played by band, it should be preceded by roll of drums or when played to perform National Salute by a Guard the drum roll duration must be 7 paces in slow march. First drum roll should be started slowly and go as loud as possible and again decrease to normal.
  • When National Flag hoisting takes place on any cultural occasions.
  • It can be sung in the schools in the morning before starting the day’s work by the students but proper manners should be maintained by the school authorities.
  • All the audience must stand up and give attention while national anthem is sung or played.

Why theatres stopped playing the National Anthem in 1975

Earlier to the 1975, there was custom to play the national anthem song in the theatres after film. However, it was banned later because of the disrespect of national anthem by the people as they were not stand up and gave proper attention. After year, again it has been encouraged to play National Anthem in the government theatres of Kerala before movie screening.

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