7-9 AUGUST 1942 "DO OR DIE" AGUST KRANTI
Quit India Movement 1942 - interesting historical facts
Today is 9th August 2011. The same day, 69 years back, i.e. 9th August 1942 is one of the important days in the history of Indian freedom movement.
I am sharing the following interesting information for the knowledge of our young and old generation. This will give some idea about the sacrifice made by our leaders during the freedom struggle.
World war II and Gripps Mission
The Second World War started in the year 1939 between Britain and Germany. In 1942, then British Governor involved India, without consulting Congress leaders. This angered the Congress leaders.
In March 1942, British Government sent a delegation under the leadership of Stafford Cripps, what is popularly known as Cripps Missin, to negotiate with Congress leaders and make them to agree to participate in the war on the Britain side, in turn for a promise of freedom. The leaders did not agree for the proposal, as they wanted to maintain neutrality in the war.
Preparation for civil disobedience
On July 14, 1942, Indian National Congress passed a resolution demanding complete freedom to India from British. The resolution also stated that if the British did not accept the demand, Congress would start a 'mass civil disobedience'.
Since Britain was engaged in the peak of world war II, this resolution met with some controversy. Sri C Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) also opposed the resolution and he even quit the Congress. (Rajaji joined back Congress later) Rajaji was telling Congress that time was not a right time to go for civil disobedience, as the entire world was engaged in World War II. But all other Senior leaders accepted this resolution. Even other political parties like Communists, Hindu Maha Saha and Muslim League did not support the call.
"Do or die' call in the historic session on 7th August 1942
The historic session of Indian National Congress was held from 7th August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Mumbai (now known as August Kranti Maidan). In the midnight of 8th/9th August 1942, the Congress passed the famous 'Quit India resolution', which electrified the country. This has become the popular 'Quit India Movement' and mass civil disobedience movement was launched with Mahatma Gandhi's "Do or die" call.
Quit India movement turning violent
Within few hours of the resolution and call, all the national leaders were arrested. Since there were no leaders outside, the movement became violent. The people burnt the Govt. offices and violence could not be controlled by the Congress. British Govt. moved the army and more than one lakh people were arrested. During this period, the contact of the leaders with the masses were cut off. During this period, Mahatma Gandhi lost his wife Kasturba Gandhi and his trusted secretary Mahadev Desai, who were also in the jail. Mahatma also was losing health.
Different reasons for 'violence' like absence of top leaders, mistaken impression of do or die call, inducement by British rulers indirectly are attributed .
Hoisting of Indian Tri-Colour
When the Quit India movement was started on 9th August 1942, British Police treated the masses brutally. At that time, Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the Indian Tricolour in the Gowalia Tank Maidan proudly. This was the first time, when Indian Triclour was hoisted.
Underground radio station
During the movement time, Aruna Asaf Ali and Usha Mehta (a student) were broadcasting the underground news through an underground radio station (42.34 metres). They were shifting the broadcasting equipment frequently, to avoid being captured by British Police.
It may be noted that all the leaders and freedom fighters who participated in the movement were released only after three years, after the World War II ended.
Freedom to India
After the World War II, Labour Party won the elections and captured power in Britain. They took initiative to transfer power to the interim Government headed by Pandit Nehru. India got the full Independence on 15th August 1947.
Though Quit India movement has generated controversies at that time, definitely, this movement is being considered as one of the important milestones in Indian freedom movement, to force the Britain to handover the power to Indian leaders.
On this day, let us salute those brave freedom fighters for their great sacrifice.
Jai Hind
बापू ने किया आजादी की अंतिम जंग का शंखनाद
नौ अगस्त : अगस्त-क्रांति दिवस पर विशेष
ND
NDइस आंदोलन की शुरुआत नौ अगस्त 1942 को हुई थी इसीलिए इतिहास में नौ अगस्त के दिन को अगस्त क्रांति दिवस के रूप में जाना जाता है। मुम्बई के जिस पार्क से यह आंदोलन शुरू हुआ उसे अब अगस्त क्रांति मैदान के नाम से जाना जाता है।
अंग्रेजों को देश से भगाने के लिए चार जुलाई 1942 को भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस ने एक प्रस्ताव पारित किया जिसमें कहा गया कि यदि अंग्रेज भारत नहीं छोड़ते हैं तो उनके खिलाफ व्यापक स्तर पर नागरिक अवज्ञा आंदोलन चलाया जाए।
ND
NDआंदोलन के लिए कांग्रेस को हालाँकि सभी दलों को एक झंडे तले लाने में सफलता नहीं मिली। मुस्लिम लीग, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी और हिन्दू महासभा ने इस आह्वान का विरोध किया। आठ अगस्त 1942 को अखिल भारतीय कांग्रेस समिति के बम्बई सत्र में भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन का प्रस्ताव पारित किया गया।
ND
NDगाँधीजी ने हालाँकि अहिंसक रूप से आंदोलन चलाने का आह्वान किया था लेकिन देशवासियों में अंग्रेजों को भगाने का ऐसा जुनून पैदा हो गया कि कई स्थानों पर बम विस्फोट हुए, सरकारी इमारतों को जला दिया गया, बिजली काट दी गई तथा परिवहन और संचार सेवाओं को भी ध्वस्त कर दिया गया। जगह जगह हड़ताल की गई।
कई जगह पर लोगों ने जिला प्रशासन को उखाड़ फेंका। गिरफ्तार किए गए नेताओं तथा कार्यकर्ताओं को जेल तोड़कर मुक्त करा लिया तथा वहाँ स्वतंत्र शासन स्थापित कर दिया। एक तो अंग्रेजों की रीढ़ द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध में टूट रही थी दूसरी ओर भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन उनकी चूलें हिलाने में लगा था।
इतिहासवेत्ता और महर्षि दयानंद विश्वविद्यालय में इतिहास की पूर्व प्रोफेसर मालती मलिक के अनुसार इस आंदोलन से अंग्रेज बुरी तरह बौखला गए। उन्होंने सैकड़ों प्रदर्शनकारियों और निर्दोष लोगों को गोली से उड़ा दिया तथा देशभर में एक लाख से अधिक लोगों को गिरफ्तार कर लिया गया। इसके बावजूद आंदोलन पूरे जोश के साथ चलता रहा लेकिन गिरफ्तारियों की वजह से कांग्रेस का समूचा नेतृत्व शेष दुनिया से लगभग तीन साल तक कटा रहा।
गाँधीजी का स्वास्थ्य जेल में अत्यधिक बिगड़ गया लेकिन फिर भी उन्होंने अपना आंदोलन जारी रखने के लिए 21 दिन की भूख हड़ताल की। 1944 में गाँधीजी का स्वास्थ्य बेहद बिगड़ जाने पर अंग्रेजों ने उन्हें रिहा कर दिया।
1944 के शुरू तक अंग्रेजों ने हालात पर काबू पा लिया जिससे बहुत से राष्ट्रवादी अत्यंत निराश हुए। गाँधीजी और कांग्रेस को मोहम्मद अली जिन्ना, मुस्लिम लीग, वामपंथियों और अन्य विरोधियों की आलोचना का सामना करना पड़ा।
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Gowalia Tank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowalia_Tank
Gowalia Tank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowalia_Tank
Gowalia Tank Maidan (now also known as August Kranti Maidan) is a park in central Mumbai where Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech on 8 August 1942 decreeing that the British must leave India immediately or else mass agitations would take place. Gandhi's call for the nation was of "Do or Die".Quit India Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quit_India_Movement
The Quit India Movement (Hindi: भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन Bhārat Chhodho Āndolan), or the India AugustMovement (August Kranti), was a civil disobedience movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee or more simply by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) on 8 August 1942, during World War ...
August kranti diwas | बापू ने किया आजादी की अंतिम जंग ...
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नौ अगस्त : अगस्त-क्रांति दिवस पर विशेष ... इस आंदोलन की शुरुआत नौ अगस्त 1942 को हुई थी इसीलिए इतिहास में नौ अगस्त के ...1942 Ki August Kranti - इतिहास | History - All Publications
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जन्म: 15 अगस्त, 1941 को ग्राम नरेन्द्रपुर, जिला सिवान (बिहार) में एक ज़मींदार परिवार में। 15 वर्ष की आयु में हिन्दी ...
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