Friday 26 August 2016

24 AUG 1946 PANDIT NEHRU_HEAD OF INTERIM GOVERNMENT

Interim Government of India

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Interim Government of India
Transition between Imperiala andDemocratic structureb
← 1946–1947 →

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FlagCoat of arms
Anthem
God Save the King
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The British Indian Empire in 1945.
CapitalNew Delhi
Languages
GovernmentEmpire
Emperor
 • 1946–1947George VI
Governor-Generalc
 • 1946–1947 (first)Lord Wavell
 • 1947 (last)Lord Mountbatten
Secretary of State
 • 1946–1947 (first)Lord Pethick-Lawrence
 • 1947 (last)Earl of Listowel
LegislatureExecutive Council
Historical eraDecolonisation of Asia
 • Established2 September 1946
 • Indian Independence Act15 August 1947
 • Partition of India15 August 1947
Area
 • 19474,226,734 km²(1,631,951 sq mi)
CurrencyBritish Indian rupee
Today part of
a.Composed of:
(i) Presidencies and provinces directly governed by theBritish Crown through the Governor-General of India;
(ii) Princely states governed by local Indian rulers under the suzerainty of the British Crown (exercised through the
Governor-General of India).[1]
b.through Executive Council.
c.Full title was "Viceroy and Governor-General of India".
The interim government of India, formed on 2 September 1946[2] from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of India and Pakistan from British rule to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence of the two new nations of India and Pakistan.[3][4][5]

Formation[edit]

After the end of the Second World War, the British authorities in India released all political prisoners who had participated in the Quit India movement. The Indian National Congress, the largest Indian political party, which had long fought for national independence, agreed to participate in elections for a constituent assembly, as did the Muslim League. The newly elected government of Clement Attlee dispatched the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India to formulate proposals for the formation of a government that would lead to an independent India.[5]
The elections for the Constituent Assembly were not direct elections, as the members were elected from each of the provincial legislative assemblies. In the event, the Indian National Congress won a majority of the seats, some 69 per cent, including almost every seat in areas with a majority Hindu electorate. The Congress had clear majorities in eight of the eleven provinces of British India.[6] The Muslim League won the seats allocated to the Muslim electorate.

Viceroy's Executive Council[edit]

The Viceroy's Executive Council became the executive branch of the interim government. Originally headed by the Viceroy of India, it was transformed into a council of ministers, with the powers of a prime ministerbestowed on the vice-president of the Council, a position held by the Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru. After independence all members would be Indians, apart from the Viceroy, in August to become the Governor-General, Lord Mountbatten, who would hold only a ceremonial position, and the Commander-in-Chief, India,[5] Sir Claude Auchinleck, replaced after independence by General Sir Rob Lockhart.
The senior Congress leader Vallabhbhai Patel held the second-most powerful position in the Council, heading the Department of Home Affairs, Department of Information and Broadcasting.[7] The Sikh leader Baldev Singh was responsible for the Department of Defence and Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari was named to head the Department of Education and arts.[7] Asaf Ali, a Muslim Congress leader, headed the Department of Railways and Transport. Scheduled Caste leader Jagjivan Ram headed the Department of Labour, while Rajendra Prasad headed the Department of Food and Agriculture and John Mathai headed the Department of Industries and Supplies.[7]
Upon the Muslim League joining the interim government, the second highest-ranking League politician, Liaquat Ali Khan, became the head of the Department of Finance. Abdur Rab Nishtar headed the Departments of Posts and Air and Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar headed the Department of Commerce.[7] The League nominated a Scheduled Caste Hindu politician, Jogendra Nath Mandal, to lead the Department of Law.[7]

Cabinet of the Interim Government of India[edit]

OfficeNameParty
Viceroy and Governor-General of India
President of the Executive Council		The Viscount Wavell (15 October 1946 - 20 February 1947)British Raj
The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (21 February 1947 -)
Commander-in-ChiefSir Claude Auchinleck
Vice President of the Executive Council
External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations		Jawaharlal NehruIndian National Congress
Agriculture and FoodRajendra PrasadIndian National Congress
CommerceIbrahim Ismail ChundrigarAll-India Muslim League
DefenceBaldev SinghIndian National Congress
FinanceLiaquat Ali KhanAll-India Muslim League
EducationC. RajagopalachariIndian National Congress
HealthGhazanfar Ali KhanAll-India Muslim League
Home Affairs
Information and Broadcasting		Vallabhbhai PatelIndian National Congress
LabourJagjivan RamIndian National Congress
LawJogendra Nath MandalAll-India Muslim League
Railways and Communications
Post and Air		Abdur Rab NishtarAll-India Muslim League
Works, Mines and PowerC.H. BhabhaIndian National Congress
The above is the reconstituted cabinet of 15 October 1946, when Muslim League called off its boycott of participation in the interim government.[8]

Activities[edit]

A reproduction of a historical telegram from the Constituent Assembly, which included a message of goodwill from the US government to the assembly.
Although until August 1947 British India remained under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom, the interim government proceeded to establish diplomatic relations with other countries, including the United States.[4] Meanwhile, the Constituent Assembly, from which the Interim Government was drawn, struggled with the challenging task of drafting a constitution for independent India.

See also[edit]







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