Monday 29 August 2016

27 AUG 1958 VIGYAN MANDIR IN NEW DELHI

A project for the setting up of pilot plant on 'Fluidised Bed for Textile Processing' at the Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research at an estimated cost of Rs. 3.56 lakhs was approved. Experiments on a 'One-inch Ribbon Model' have shown that the quality of dyeing obtained by the new technique compares favourably with existing processes, crease and shrink resistant effects are superior to those obtained by conventional methods and the cost of textile drying is. almost 50 per cent. less than that of the tenter drying.
A six inch model was fabricated and brought into operation.
A project for the setting up of a pilot plant to develop the work on making white cement has been recently sanctioned.
The development of Indian patents in Italy and France by pub- lishing information free of charge in certain prominent scientific and industrial bulletins of these countries was arranged.
Notable achievements during the year include:-
De-ionisation of Cane Juice Project at the National Sugar Institute, Kanpur;
Bamboo Mechanical Pulp Project at the Orient Paper Mills, Brajrajnagar;
Copper Chlorophyll Project at the Shri Ram Institute for Indus- trial Research, Delhi;
Pine Oil project at the Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi.
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Infant Food Project at the Kaira District Milk Producers' Union Ltd., Anand;
Thermo-electric Generators; and Phthalic Anhydride.
At the close of 1956-57 the Corporation had in hand assets total- ling Rs. 7,67,850. The year closed with a balance of Rs. 7,26,702.
Revised estimates for expenditure for 1957-58 are:-
Capital Expenditure-Rs. 4,22,000.
Recurring Expenditure-Rs. 3,11,000.
Work proposed for 1958-59.-The projects intended to be undertaken in 1958-59 relate to the production of Coalene or ashless carbon from Indian coals and refining of Cotton Seed Oil.
Work will be continued on the projects already instituted.
Partial Financial Assistance to Eminent Indian Scientists Going Abroad.-The Department of Scientific Research and Technical Education administers the scheme for "Partial Financial Assistance to Indian Scientists Going Abroad." The financial assistance is given for any one or more of the following purposes:-
(a) to visit well-known overseas centres of research;
(b) to study at first hand the latest methods and developments in foreign countries in their special subject;
(c) to attend international conferences of a high standard;
(d) to make contacts with their counterparts in foreign countries; and
(e) to give lectures at various universities and institutions to explain the result of their own research work in India.
The six following scientists were awarded assistance during 1957- 58. The financial assistance is of the order of Rs. 2,500 per scientist.
Dr. B. D. Nagchaudhuri, Palit Professor of Physics, Calcutta University, and Acting Director, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta.
Professor T. R. Seshadri, Professor and Head of the Chemistry Department, Department of Chemistry, Delhi University, Delhi.
Dr. Vishwa Nath, Professor of Zoology, Punjab University, Hoshiarpur.
Shri Dinesh Mohan, Assistant Director, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee.
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Dr. P. N. Wahi, Professor and Head of the Department of Pathology, S. N. Medical College, Agra.
Dr. S. P. Sinha, Head of the Department of Physics, L. S. College, Muzaffar Pur.
Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information.-Scientific and technical information is disseminated for the benefit of the general public with a view to creating science consciousness in the following ways:-
(a) Publication of non-technical notes, describing in simple language the scientific work being carried out in India and results achieved, are prepared monthly and sent to the Press Information Bureau of the Government of India for circulation to English and Indian language newspapers and journals.
(b) Non-technical notes, about research carried out by scientific and industrial research organisations in the United Kingdom and other countries of Europe as reported by the Indian Scientific Liaison Officer, London, in his weekly science newsletters, are prepared periodically.
(c) In the Sunday issues of Newspapers, one or more scientific topics of wide appeal are discussed in non-technical language. Weeklies and monthlies, intended for popular reading and issued in regional languages, devote space to achievements in science and technology. Background material for such publications is prepared and supplied by scientific societies and scientific surveys and information divisions of research institutions.
(d) Various scientific societies in India publish journals, parts of which are devoted to the discussion of topical scientific problems and to the publication of articles devoted to advances in scientific research. Notes and news sections of the journals give information relating to the discoveries; and achievements in the field of science.
(e) The Zoological Survey of India issues three publications of a more or less regular nature, viz.,
(i) Records of the Indian Museum (Quarterly),
(ii) Memoirs of the Indian Museum (Occasional) and
(iii) Volumes in the "Fauna of India" Series, as and when ready.
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The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research continues to disseminate scientific and technical information by:-
(i) Issue of press releases in English and Hindi on scientific work done in the National Laboratories and results achieved.
(ii) Preparation of non-technical notes on processes developed at the National Laboratories. These notes are published and circulated to various commercial and industrial bodies and interests with an invitation to those interested to apply for the rights to exploit the processes commercially.
(iii) Publication of "Wealth of India-Dictionary of raw materials and industrial products of India". This work, it is expected, will be published in 10 volumes each consisting of two parts-one devoted to raw materials and the other devoted to industrial products.
(iv) Publication of the following periodicals regularly:-
(1) The Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (Monthly).
(2) Vigyan Pragati-a monthly journal in Hindi devoted to small-scale and cottage industries.
(3) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research News-a fortnightly newsletter, giving information about the activities of various laboratories and research committees of the Council.
(4) Annual Technical Reports of the Council.
(5) Various bulletins and monographs.
(6) Research and Industry (Monthly).
(v) Maintenance of Survey and Information Divisions by the Council and the National Laboratories for supplying information on scientific subjects to those interested.
Museums and exhibitions have been organised by the National Laboratories of the Council.
Symposia, Lectures, Seminars and Colloquia.-Various symposia were held under the auspices of the following organisations:National Institute of Sciences of India
1. "Geophysical Research including Geodesy" at New Delhi in October, 1957.
2. "Radioisotopes" at Bombay in May, 1957.
3. "Scientific Research in Relation to the National Development Plan" at Calcutta in January, 1957.
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 Indian Chemical Society


"Recent advances on Terpenoids" at Calcutta in December, 1957.

 Institute of Chemists (India)


"Chemistry and Technology of Food" at Calcutta in September, 1957.

 Indian Mathematical Society


"Teaching and Development of Mathematical Research in India" at Cuttack in December, 1957.

 LECTURES



 Indian Academy of Sciences


1. "The Specific Heats of Crystals and the Fallacy of the theories of Debye and Born". (By Dr. C. V. Raman in May, 1957.)
2. "The Theory of the Anharmonic Oscillator" (By Dr. D. Krishnamurti, in August, 1957).
3. "X-Ray Photography of the Reciprocal Lattice of Crystals" by Mr. A. Jayaraman, in October, 1957.

 Indian Chemical Society


1. "Boiling points of Elements and Compounds" by Professor S. R. Palit in August, 1957.
2. "Some applications of Raney nickel reduction and desulphurisation to constitutional and synthetic problems" by Dr. K. Vankataraman in August, 1957 (Acharya P. C. Ray Memorial Lecture).

 Bose Institute


1. "Hereditary Galactosemia-a molecular disease" by Professor H. M. Kalckar, in October, 1957.
2. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic acid" by Professor Authur Kornbug in November, 1957.

 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany


1. "Cryptogamic Sore Types" by Dr. K. P. Srivastava, in October, 1957.
2. "Investigation) of Atmospheric Pollen" by Mr. P. K. K. Nair in November, 1957.

 Institution of Chemists (India)


1. "Quinine" by Mr. S. Mukherjee, in September, 1957.
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 SEMINARS



 Bose Institute


1. "Absolute differential range spectrum of sea level umesons at 12 degrees N" in September, 1957.
2. "Development of streptomyces mutants for antibiotic production" in September, 1957.

 VIGYAN MANDIRS


Functions.-The Vigyan Mandirs are intended to educate the villagers on the potentialities of the methods of science in their day-to-day life.
Progress regarding the establishment of Vigyan Mandirs.-At the end of the last year 1956-57, there were in existence 14 Vigyan Mandirs at:
Kapashera (Delhi); Masauli (U.P.); T. Kalupatti (Madras); Arunchal (Assam); Ormanjhi (Bihar); Dimoria (Assam); Shapur (Bombay); Sehore (Madhya Pradesh); Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya (Madras); Vicarabad (Andhra Pradesh); Pisangan (Rajasthan); Sumerpur (Rajasthan); Hinjlicut (Orissa); and Pudur Ramavarmapuram (Kerala).
In the budget for the current year 1957-58, a provision of Rs. 3.25 lakhs was included for the Vigyan Mandirs. This allowed funds to equip and run the existing Vigyan Mandirs and to establish not more than four additional Vigyan Mandirs to be set up during the current year. Out of these four Vigyan Mandirs proposed to be set up during the current year, one was actually started with effect from July, 1957, at Sundernagar, District Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). The remaining three additional Vigyan Mandirs are expected to be established by the end of February, 1958, at Nilokheri in Punjab; Barsul, District Burdwan, West Bengal; and Ranbirsingh Pura, District Jammu. As far as practicable, the Vigyan Mandirs are located in the areas covered by the Community Projects and National Extension Service programme.
Each Vigyan Mandir is equipped with necessary scientific appliances, film projectors and slide projectors. Each Vigyan Mandir also possesses a small library containing simple literature and pamphlets dealing with the matters connected with the village life. A small rural science museum has also been established in each of the Vigyan Mandirs. The museums contain specimens of local flora and fauna, minerals, diseased plants and other objects of scientific interest. The muesum will also be equipped with scientific models showing various scientific phenomena. A rural Science Club has
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been established in each Vigyan Mandir. These Clubs are open to all the people living in the locality without payment of any fee. The clubs arrange shows of films on subjects connected with plant protection, health, hygiene, sanitation, agriculture, popular science, village industries, etc., and also arrange discussions and talks on matters connected with agriculture, health and sanitation and demonstrate scientific experiments of popular nature.
The Vigyan Mandirs also undertake work of the analysis of soil and water, etc., and indentification of insects and pests damaging the plants and crops and advising the agriculturists on their control and remedy. Medical practitioners have been attached in a few of' the Vigyan Mandirs to help the villagers in regard to pathological examination of stool, urine, blood, etc.... The Vigyan Mandirs work in liaison with the National Laboratories.
Future Programme.-A provision of Rs. 5.8 lakhs is being made for the Vigyan Mandirs in the budget for 1958-59 and within these funds, it is expected to establish 15 additional Vigyan Mandirs during the next year.

 TECHNICAL EDUCATION



 All-India Council For Technical Education


During the year under review two meetings of the Coordinating Committee and one meeting of the All-India Council for Technical Education were held. The important recommendations and decisions, made by the All-India Council for Technical Education and its organs are summarised below:-
(i) Commercial Education.-As the state of Commercial Education in the University and non-University courses was not considered satisfactory, the Council recommended that a Joint Committee of the Inter-University Board, the All-India Council for Technical Education and the University Grants Commission should be constituted to examine the question of re-organization and development of University and non- University Commerce Courses and submit detailed proposals in this behalf.
(ii) Central Assistance for the Establishment of new Technical Institutions.-The Council modified the pattern of financial assistance to non-Government institutions and the revised basis is as follows:
Private agencies which fulfil the following conditions may only be assisted in the establishment of new institutions:-
(a) The private agencies by themselves or in association with the State Governments concerned should meet at least 50% of the
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approved non-recurring cost. Wherever State Governments make contribution, that amount should be provided in its Five-Year Plan.
(b) The private agencies should have adequate resources includ- ing income from tuition fees to meet at least 50 per cent of the approved recurring expenditure. The balance be provided by the State Governments and the Central Government in agreed proportions subject to the condition that the State Government would assume the entire responsibility after the current Plan period.
(iii) Affiliation of Institutions to the Council.-The Council has so far affiliated institutions conducting the National Certificate and Diploma Courses in Engineering and Technological subjects and holding their examinations for these awards. With the formation of State Boards in almost all the States on the basis of the earlier recommendations of the Council, it was decided that the function of affiliating institutions and holding of examinations should be taken over by the respective State Boards. The Council will, however, endorse the awards of the State Boards as equivalent to its own.
(iv) Facilities for Chemical Engineering, Metallurgy and Tele- communication.-The Council endorsed the recommendation of the All- India Board of Technical Studies in Chemical Engineering that the facilities for first degree course in Chemical Engineering should be expanded in order to meet the rising demand of the country. Further, the admission capacity in such institutions should be increased to 30, in cases where it was less. A department of Chemical Engineering should be established in the Bihar Institute of Technology, Sindri, for the first degree course in Chemical Engineering, with an admission capacity of 30 students per year.
In regard to Metallurgy and Tele-communication the matter was under the consideration of the appropriate Boards of the Council.
(v) Pay Scales for Teachers of Technical Institutions.-The ques- tion of attracting the right type of personnel for teaching posts in Technical Institutions has engaged the attention of the Council for a considerable time. To solve this urgent problem, the Council had set up an Expert Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. J. C. Ghosh, Member, Planning Commission, to prepare a detailed scheme for rationalizing and improving the staff and salary structure for technical institutions. The Expert Committee prepared a scheme in consultation with State Governments, University Grants Commission and technical institutions and classified technical institutions into three categories, viz.,

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